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J. DEAN;

(No Model.)

BOAT.

r 110. 249,461. 1119111911 Nov. 15,1881.

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wlTNr-sssem i! EUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE# y JAMES DEAN, 0E DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

BOAT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 249,461, dated November 15, 188,1.

` Application filed July 11, 1881. (No model.)

To allfwhom it may concern:

BeitknownthatLJAMEs DEAN, of Detroit,

.county oil Vayne, `State of Michigan, have in venteda new anduseful Im provementin Boats; andI declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, suchas will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to the hulls and seats of boats; and it consists in certain novel eombinations of devices for securing and permitting the ready removability and replacement of boatseats, and also in a novel construction ot' the hull, whereby its stability and buoyancy are greatly enhanced, all of which will be hereinafter particularly described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of a boat with a part of the outer sheathing of the hull broken away, showing portions of the inner sheathing and 'the intermediate lining. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section ot' the boat. Figs. 3 and 4 are cross-sections of one side of the boat, showing a portion ot' a seat and the devices for securing and permitting the ready removability of the same.

My invention is designed to overcome one'of the greatest faults in small boats, and which has often led to loss of lit'e. No matter how tight a boats seams are when it is turned out of the shop, if it is not used in the water, but allowed to lie dry, often exposed to the heat of the sun, it is sure to become leaky and unfit for use. In many cases the boats upon large vessels lie upon the decks and are seldom used, and are consequently found untit for use when urgently required. Moreover the number of boats usually carried upon large vessels, owing to lack4 of room, is quite inadequate to the wants of most ot' them. This I also'propose to remedy incidentally by enabling smaller boats to be stowed in larger ones, while at the same time providing the seats with means by which they are rendered capable of being easily removed and replaced and also well secured against displacement and loss in case of capsizing or rough weather.

Referring to Fig. l, A'is the hull of the boat,

rstern in the usual manner.

firmly braces the hull.

of which A is the outer sheathing, A2 the inner sheathing, and B an intermediate lining of canvas. The outer sheathing'is composed of planks running longitudinally from` stem to Upon the inner surface of this outer sheathing I arrange alin-` ing, B, of canvas, cloth, or ,similar strong ilexible material, which maybe painted or cemented, it' desired, and against this lining I place the inner sheathing, A2, composed of two sets ot' boards arranged obliquely with respect to the boards of the ,outer sheathing, the boards ot' one `set inclining `in an opposite direction from those ot' the other, and the ends of aportion of the boards ol' the two sets abutting against each otheron a median transverse line, d, from which they diverge upwardly and outwardly to the gunwale, while the opposite ends ot' the remaining boards abut respectively against the gunwale and keel, the entire inner sheathing thus forming, in effect, a truss which The intermediate lining serves as a permanent calking, and will preventleakage to avery great exten t, even though the seams should be considerably opened by exposure. i

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, the letter C denotes one end of the boat-seat, the other portion being omitted. Each of the boat-seats I make removable, so that they may be taken out, in order that one or more boats ot smaller size may be placed inside of the larger boat, so as to economize deck-room, allowing a vessel to carry more boats than would otherwise be practicable. In the under side ot each seat, near its ends, I form transverse dovetail grooves, as shown at c, to receive correspondinglyshaped cleats c, preferably ot' metal, which are secured to and project above supports c2, secured tothe ribs, or longitudinally, at proper height, inside the boat, in any convenient manner. These cleats may be recessed in their upper edges and extend the whole length of the boat, to allow the seats to be dropped iuposition for the grooves to slide over the dovetailed upper ed ges ot' said cleats.

To prevent the seats from sliding out of place when in use I provide inboth 'ends notches, into which may be turned latches, such as shown at E, Fig. 4, hinged to opposite ribs of the boat.

The knees or braces D are also removable and attached tothe upper sides of the seats, preferably by hingin g, as shown at e, so that they may be turned over upon the seats, and thus take up less room when stored away ont of use than if they were rigidly attached.

Across the i'ree end of each brace or knee D,'I form a dovetail, d, which fits into a correspondingly-shaped groove formed in a cleat, D', secured to the inner side of the gunwale and properly notched, so that the knees or braces maybe engaged therewith at the same time that the seat is slid into position.

In most boats heretofore used at sea or for business purposes the seats have been made stationary. Now, when a boat either propelled by oars or sails is used to convey goods to market, or as a ferry-boat, the seats are almost always in the Way, there being usually three or four, while perhaps only one is necessary, so that it will be seen that my improvement in the seats gives great convenience in arranging the interior of the boat as desired for special purposes.

Having now fully described my invent-ion, I claim- 1. In a boat7 the seat provided with the dove tail grooves in its under side and the hinged knees or braces upon its upper side7 in combination with the dovetaii cleats secured inside the boat for entering said grooves, and suitable devices for detachably engaging the free ends of said knees or braces, substantially as described.

2. In aboat, the combinatiomwith the cleats D', provided with the dovetail grooves and secured to the inner side of the gunwales, and

he dovetail cleats c, secured to and projecting above supports attached to the inside of the boat, of the seat provided with transverse dovetail grooves in its under side near its ends, and the hinged knees or braces on its'upper side having the dovetail d, substantially as described.

8. A row-boat made with an external sheathing oi' horizontal boards and a contiguous internal sheathing of diagonal boards diverging upward and outward from a median transverse line, with a layer of fabric between the inner and outer sheathings, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

JAMES DEAN.

Witnesses W. M. PORTER, WILLIAM E. Hoir. 

